An evaluation of the impact of gender quotas on women’s political participation at the grassroots level: A study of Ogoja Local Government Area, Cross River State
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Background of the Study:
Gender quotas have been implemented in various political systems to enhance women’s representation and participation. In Ogoja, such policies have sought to bridge the gender gap in political engagement at the grassroots level (Chima, 2023). By mandating a minimum level of female representation in local government, these quotas aim to empower women, foster inclusive decision-making, and stimulate socio-economic development (Okoro, 2024). However, challenges such as tokenism, patriarchal resistance, and limited access to political networks persist (Nwachukwu, 2025). This study investigates the impact of gender quotas on women’s political participation in Ogoja, assessing both the achievements and the limitations of quota systems in transforming local governance. It further explores how these policies have affected the broader political landscape by promoting gender equality and influencing policy outcomes (Chima, 2023).
Statement of the Problem:
Despite the introduction of gender quotas in Ogoja, women’s political participation at the grassroots level remains suboptimal. Structural and cultural barriers hinder the effective implementation of these quotas, limiting their impact on genuine political empowerment. This study seeks to identify the factors that constrain women’s involvement and evaluate the overall effectiveness of gender quotas in enhancing political participation (Nwachukwu, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
- To assess the implementation of gender quotas in Ogoja.
- To evaluate their impact on women’s political participation.
- To propose measures for improving the effectiveness of gender quota policies.
Research Questions:
- How effective are gender quotas in increasing women’s political participation in Ogoja?
- What challenges do women face in political engagement despite quotas?
- What strategies can improve the impact of gender quotas on grassroots participation?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Gender quotas significantly increase women’s representation in local government.
- H2: Socio-cultural barriers reduce the effectiveness of gender quotas.
- H3: Targeted capacity-building programs enhance women’s political engagement.
Significance of the Study:
This study highlights the role of gender quotas in promoting women’s political participation in Ogoja. Its findings provide a basis for policy adjustments to further empower women and enhance inclusive governance (Okoro, 2024; Nwachukwu, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to assessing the impact of gender quotas on women’s political participation within Ogoja Local Government Area.
Definitions of Terms:
- Gender Quotas: Policies that reserve a specific percentage of political positions for women.
- Political Participation: Involvement in political processes, including voting and running for office.
- Grassroots Level: The basic, community-level involvement in political activities.
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